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STUDENT PAPER COMPETITION
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| 5 |
A new species
of Cligenes (Lygaeidae: Antillocorini) from Mexico and Central America.
R. M. Baranowski, J. A. Slater,* and J. Brambila, Univ. of Florida,
Tropical Research & Education Center, Homestead, FL, and . |
| |
A new species
of Cligenes is described and illustrated. This antillocorine (Lygaeidae:
Rhyparochrominae) has been collected in southern Mexico (states of Chiapas
and Oaxaca), El Salvador, Costa Rica and Panama. The genus Cligenes
used to include several species besides Cligenes distinctus, its
type species; all but the type species have been removed because of their
lack of a defining and unique character, a prosternal groove, which is
present in the new species of Cligenes. |
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| 6 |
Molecular
evidence for sibling species in Ageniaspis, a parasitoid of the
citrus leafminer. J. M. Alvarez and M. Hoy. Univ. of Florida,
Department of Entomology & Nematology, Gainesville, FL. |
| |
Taiwan and
Australian populations of Ageniaspis citricola have been released
in Florida. Mitochondrial DNA (between the COII gene and the tRNA-Leucine
gene), and ribosomal DNA sequences for the internal transcribed spacer
2 were cloned and sequenced from the two populations and from A. fuscicollis
(an out-group). Mitochondrial segments were almost 100% identical for the
three and therefore not informative. Ribosomal sequences successfully distinguished
between the three and were used to construct a phylogenetic tree that showed
the Australian population has diverged significantly from Taiwan. |
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| 7 |
Triaspis
sp.: a potential biological
control agent to manage pepper weevil in Florida. M. A. Toapanta,
P. A. Stansly and D. J. Schuster. Univ. of Florida, Department of Entomology
& Nematology, Gainesville, FL. |
| |
The pepper
weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano, is an economic pest of peppers
in Florida, which probably originated in southwestern Mexico. Foreign exploration
in the Mexican state of Nayarit produced a predominance of the braconid
wasp, Triaspis sp. Oviposition appears to occur in the egg or early
first instar and emergence from the 3rd instar weevil host,
a biology that would lend itself well to biological control of this pest. |
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| 8 |
A cladistic
analysis of the genus Disonycha (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), species
of the Caribbean basin. S. Moyá-Guzmán, Department
of Biology, Univ. of Puerto Rico, Ponce, P. R. |
| |
Disonycha,
a widespread genus of leaf beetles includes important agricultural and
wild plant pests. No previous species relationship hypotheses have been
proposed for the genus. Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies are being conducted
to revise and redescribe the species and to elucidate species relationships
and character evolution. Adult and larval morphological characters are
being studied. Character polarity is based on out-group comparison. Analyses
will be performed using Hennig, 1986. A previous phylogeny with other genus
suggest a monophyletic origin of Disonycha. |
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SUBMITTED PAPERS:
Pest Management, Sampling,
and Biology
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| 9 |
Pepper weevil
control in Florida with Actara 25 WG. J. S. Fergeson, J. P. Koenig,
D.S. Lawson, and M.E. Green, Novartis Crop Protection, Vero Beach, FL. |
| |
Actara 25WG
(thiamethoxam, CGA-293343) is a new neonicotinoid insecticide under development
by Novartis Crop Protection. In field trials in Florida, Actara at 50 and
70 g ai/ha applied at 7-day intervals provided highly effective control
of the pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii, in bell and jalapeno peppers.
Control was superior to the current standard, VydateÒ
, at 1120 g ai/ha. Registration is expected in the 3rd
quarter of 2000. |
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| 10 |
A Novel insecticide
for vegetable pest management programs. J. T. Andaloro, E. McCord,
Jr., and D.W. Sherrod, DuPont Company, Newark, DE. |
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Avaunt is a
new insecticide from DuPont for use in vegetable and tree fruit crops.
It represents a novel chemical class and unique mode of action. Avaunt
is highly effective against a wide spectrum of lepidopteran, homopteran,
and other specific insect pests. Avaunt is optimal for IPM programs because
of its safety to workers, the environment, and non-target organisms, short
REI and PHI, effectiveness at low use rates, and excellent crop protection. |
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| 11 |
Comparison
of bioassay techniques for assessing the toxicity of spinosad to the leafminer
Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). J. E. Eger,
Jr., Dow AgroSciences, Tampa, FL., J. M. Petti, Univ. of Florida, M.
D. Remick, A. Duda and Sons, Belle Glade, FL. and G. L. Leibee, Univ. of
Florida, Central Florida Research & Education Center, Sanford, FL. |
| |
The objective
of the research reported here was to compare results of adult bioassays
of Liriomyza trifolii in glass vials and in clip cages on cowpea
leaf surfaces and a larval bioassay. A culture from Belle Glade, FL was
used for the trials. Mortality data was analyzed with Analysis of Regression
using a log dose-probit model. R2 values and 95% Confidence
Intervals were used to compare assay techniques. Results of these assays
will be presented. |
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| 12 |
Mortality of
Rhagoletis species encountering pesticide-treated spheres -- Implications
for management of the Caribbean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae). O.
E. Liburd, L. Gut, L. Stelinski, M. McGuire, and J. Wise, Michigan
State Univ., Department of Entomology, East Lansing, MI. |
| |
Baited biodegradable
pesticide-treated spheres (PTS) were evaluated for controlling Rhagoletis
flies. An innovative dual-trapping device consisting of a sticky plexi-glass
pane was used with PTS to document fly mortality. Significantly more Rhagoletis
flies were captured on plexi-glass panes placed below PTS compared
with panes under non pesticide-treated spheres. The mean feeding time on
PTS was also significantly higher. The results suggest that PTS and plexi-glass
panes can be used to document field mortality in Rhagoletis populations. |
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| 13 |
Traps for monitoring
insects. R. F. Mizell, III, Univ. of Florida, North Florida Research
& Education Center-Monticello, Monticello, FL. |
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Detection and
monitoring of insects is basic to IPM programs. Entomologists have exploited
vision, odor, sound and many passive devices such as pitfall traps for
detection of insects and estimating population dynamics. Over a period
of years I have developed many types of traps for a variety of purposes.
Traps targeted to catch Curculionidae, Tabanidae, Hemiptera and Homoptera
will be discussed along with some devices to confine insects on host plants
for nutritional studies. |
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| 14 |
Accuracy of
an electronic grain probe insect counter (EGPIC) system. N. D. Epsky
and D. Shuman, USDA, ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL. |
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The EGPIC system
is an automated detection system that includes a grain probe with an infrared
beam sensor head and a box with the infrared beam generation/detection
circuitry that electronically counts insects falling past the infrared
beam. Laboratory tests were conducted to measure system accuracy, that
is, that a single captured insect generated a single electronic count.
Accuracy of the system was correlated with insect size and with electronic
signal variation. |
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| 15 |
Acoustic detection
of Diaprepes abbreviatus at naturally infested sites in Puerto Rico.
R. Mankin, USDA, ARS, CMAVE, Gainesville, FL. (Slides) |
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Acoustic recordings
were obtained from underneath orange trees suspected of having Diaprepes
infestations at coastal and mountainous sites in Puerto Rico. The loudest
sounds were obtained from accelerometers attached to spikes that were pushed
into the ground directly underneath the crown. The trees were pulled when
possible and the roots were examined. In all cases where sounds were detected,
Diaprepes larvae were observed feeding in the crown. |
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| 16 |
Assessment
of Diaprepes abbreviatus oviposition and larval survival on different
plant taxa. A. G. Hunsberger, J.E. Peña, R. Giblin-Davis,
and L. Osborne. Univ. of Florida, Tropical Research & Education Center,
Homestead, FL. |
| |
New records
from a survey carried in south Florida (1997-1998) demonstrated Diaprepes
abbreviatus oviposition on Carica papaya (papaya), Sorghum
sudanense (Sudan-Sorghum), Callophyllum brasiliense, Mursine floridana,
Codos nucifera, Ilex cassineae, Bucida buceras, Conocarpus erectus cv.
Sericeus, Manihot esculenta (cassava), Quercus virginiana,
Persea americana (avacodo), Swietenia mahogani and Phoenix roebelini.
Oviposition of D. abbreviatus was also investigated under caged
conditions: for Manihot esculenta, C. papaya Xanthosoma sp
(malanga), Conocarpus sp (silver buttonwood), S. sudanense, P.
americana and satin leaf. More egg masses (1.2 to 4.75) were found
on cassava, buttonwood and sudan Sorghum than on satin leaf, malanga, avocado
and papaya (0 to 0.5). Despite of this, a relationship between leaf texture
of different host plants (smooth, pubescent and intermediate) and number
of egg masses deposited per plant could not be found. Larval survival was
higher on green buttonwood, sorghum and cassava roots (4 to 7 larvae/plant)
compared to lower survival on roots of lime (Citrus latifolia),
malanga and dahoon holly (0 to 1.9 larvae per plant). During a study of
larval behavior, preliminary results showed D. abbreviatus larvae
chose silverbutton wood and lime roots over corn roots. |
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| 17 |
Upland cotton
resistance to cotton leaf crumple disease transmitted by the silverleaf
whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring. E. T. Natwick,
C.G. Cook, R.L. Gilbertson, and Y.-S. Seo, Univ. of California Cooperative
Extension, Holtville, CA. |
| |
Cotton cultivars
and breeding lines were evaluated in 1998 in California for resistance
to the silverleaf whitefly-transmitted cotton leaf crumple disease, caused
by cotton leaf crumple geminivirus (CLCV). Results showed differences in
whitefly infestation levels and virus disease symptoms among cotton entries.
The breeding-line C95-387 had a lower CLCV disease rating than other entries
and no CLCV was detected by squash and dot blot hybridization with a general
geminivirus DNA probe. Breeding-lines C95-383 abd C95-483 had lower CLCV
disease ratings than other entries except C95-387 and CLCV was detected.
Stoneville 474 had a higher CLCV disease rating than other entries and
CLCV was detected. |
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| 18 |
Influence of
slash and burn and slash and mulch practices on insect pests in inter-cropped
sorghum and maize in Honduras. H. N. Pitre, Mississippi State Univ.,
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State, MS. |
| |
Fall armyworm
(FAW) and neotropical cornstalk borer (NCSB) infestations were monitored
in slash and burn (SB) and slash and mulch (SM) inter-cropped sorghum and
maize on farms in southern Honduras. FAW infestations were lower in SM
than in SB maize. NCSB infestations were greater in SB than in SM sorghum.
Sorghum damage by NCSB was greater in SB than in SM fields. Crop residue
destruction by burning may be of little value for control of FAW and SNCSB. |
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| 19 |
Development
of Metamasius callizona (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on pineapple
stems. J. Salas and J.H. Frank, FONAIAP, Barquisimeto, Lara, Venezuela. |
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Metamasius
callizona (Chevrolat) is a pest of pineapple and other bromeliads in
Florida. Its development was studied under laboratory conditions (27 +/-
2° C and 58 +/-
1.35% RH) but in a microhabitat of 26 +/- 0.5°
C and 82 +/- 6.67% RH). Five larval instars were recorded based on head
capsule width. The duration in days was: 8.27 +/- 1.04 (egg); 5.00 +/-
0.72 (instar I); 4.51 +/- 0.73 (instar II); 4.43 +/- 0.67 (instar III);
5.67 +/- 0.62 (instar IV); 17.80 +/- 1.48 (instar V); 11.82 +/- 1.53 (pupa).
Total life cycle from egg to adult was 56.5 days. The sex ratio was 1:1
(male:female). |
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| 20 |
Evolution of
sampling plans for Chironomidae (Diptera) larvae in central Florida lakes.
R. J. Lobinske and A. Ali, Univ. of Florida, Central Florida Research
& Education Center, Sanford, FL. |
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Representative
quantitative sampling of chironomid larvae in large central Florida lakes
encounters a number of problems. Many chironomid species have highly aggregated
distributions that make simple random sampling inefficient. Over the last
twenty years, we have examined simple random (with variable numbers of
samples), sequential, stratified and recently optimized stratified sampling
plans. Information concerning midge larval distributions, affordable Global
Positioning System receivers, and enhanced computer technology for modeling
purposes have all improved the efficiency of our sampling efforts. |
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| 21 |
Temephos (5%
Skeeter Abate°
pellets) effects on target larval Chironomidae (Diptera) and on non-target
invertebrates in Lake Monroe, central Florida. Ali, A., R. J. Lobinske
and R. J. Leckel, Jr. Univ. of Florida, Central Florida Research &
Education Center, Sanford, FL. |
| |
Marked 50 x
50 m replicated plots in Lake Monroe, central Florida, were treated with
5% Skeeter Abate pellets at 0.2 and 0.4 kg AI / ha to reduce chironomid
larvae. At 0.2 kg AI / ha, 96% reduction of Glyptotendipes paripes
and 94 – 100% reductions of Chironomus crassicaudatus occurred for
12 days post-treatment. At 0.4 kg AI / ha, 83 – 100% reductions of G.
paripes, and 86 – 100% reductions of C. crassicaudatus occurred
during the 19 days post-treatment period. Other Chironomidae (primarily
Tanypodinae) were not significantly affected by the treatments. Non-target
invertebrates (Oligochaeta, Isopoda, Mollusca, Diaptomus spp., Ostractoda),
and fish fry remained largely unaffected by the treatments. |
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|
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SYMPOSIUM: Curculionids Of
The Caribbean Region: Importance To Agriculture
|
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| 22 |
Agricultural
Curculionidae: Diversity and distribution. C. W. O’Brien and P.
W. Kovarik. Florida A & M Univ., University Center for Biological Control.
Tallahassee, FL. |
| |
The weevils
(Curculionidae, sensu lato) are the largest known family of living organisms
with more than 65,000 described species. They are extremely abundant in
the West Indies. Many species are endemic to single islands, while others
are more widespread. In addition, there are numerous agriculturally important
species. A significant number of genera and species are undescribed and
taxonomic relationships are poorly understood. |
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| 24 |
Management
of key curculionid pests of South Florida agriculture. J. E. Peña,
L. Osborne, Univ. of Florida, Central Florida Research & Education
Center, Apopka, FL., ** R. E.
Duncan and A. Hunsberger, Univ. of Florida, Tropical Research & Education
Center, Homestead, FL. |
| |
Diaprepes
abbreviatus is a major pest of ornamental and root crops in south Florida
"marl" soils, but it is not considered a threat to citrus in this area.
Studies initiated in 1997 assessed the seasonality, dispersion patterns,
effect of microbial products, parasitism of native and exotic biocontrol
agents. Major ovipositional peaks in ornamentals were observed from April
through October during 1997, while peaks observed during 1998 were detected
during January and March. Dispersion patterns of eggs of D. abbreviatus
were determined for lime and silver buttonwood trees and on Elephant grass.
An entomopathogenic nematode survey for microbial agents resulted in the
discovery of Heterorhabidtis indica (HOM-1). Control of D. abbreviatus
adults with Mycotrol (Beauveria bassiana) + FC435 oil showed significant
mortality was obtained at 16 and 24 days after application of the product,
while egg masses collected 30 days after treatment showed a 33-44% infection
of B. bassiana. No native egg parasitoids of D. abbreviatus
were found in the area. Several exotic egg parasitoids have been selected
and imported as biological control agents of this and related pest species. |
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|
| 25 |
Status of root
weevils in Jamaican agriculture and IPM strategies for Caribbean farmers.
D. O. Clarke- Harris, CARDI, Kingston, Jamaica. |
| |
Eight citrus
root weevil species have been recorded in Jamaica. The three major species
are Exophthalmus vittatus (l.), E. similis (Drury) and Pachnaeus
citri Marshall causing estimated losses of US$4,982 per hectare. Programs
to develop IPM strategies were initiated in the late 1980’s in the Caribbean.
Biological control by egg parasitoids, entomogenous nematodes and fungi
was emphasized and results showed great potential, however, implementation
is limited. Chemical and cultural practices are widely employed. |
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| 26 |
Humidity and
temperature effects on development of Diaprepes abbreviatus and
its implication for pest management. S. L. Lapointe, USDA-ARS, Orlando,
FL. |
| |
The root weevil
Diaprepes abbeviatus was reared on artificial diet under controlled
conditions of temperature and humidity. Lower thermal limits for neonate
and late instar larvae were estimated. Development time from neonate to
pupation was 125 +/- 3 days at 26°
C. Time required for a single generation from oviposition to adult emergence
at 26° C was estimated
to be 154 days. Given adequate soil moisture, two generations per year
of D. abbreviatus are possible in Florida. |
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|
| 27 |
Entomogenous
nematodes as biological control agents of root weevil larvae. D. I.
Shapiro, C. W. McCoy and L. W. Duncan. Univ. of Florida, Citrus Research
& Education Center, Lake Alfred, FL. |
| |
Entomopathogenic
nematodes can be potent biocontrol agents of numerous soil-dwelling curculionid
pests. Nematode efficacy may depend on a variety of factors including nematode
species, rate of application and soil type. Effective rates against curculionids
tend to be c.a. 250,000 infective juveniles per meter². Nematodes
that are particularly effective against the sugarcane rootstalk borer weevil,
Diaprepes abbreviatus, include Steinernema riobrave and Heterorhabditis
indica. The effects of heavy versus light soils will be discussed. |
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SUBMITTED PAPERS: Biological
Control
|
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|
| 33 |
Oligota
minuta (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae):
biology and seasonal abundance. A. Bolques and R. F. Mizell, III.
Univ. of Florida, North Florida Research & Education Center-Monticello,
Monticello, FL. |
| |
Overuse of
insecticides often results in the outbreak of secondary pests. It has been
assumed that these outbreaks result from the elimination of beneficials.
Beneficials that regulate secondary pests are relatively unknown. These
species may have excellent searching ability and biological characteristics
that make them candidates for augmentation. Oligota minuta is a
relatively unknown predatory staphylinid found feeding on spider mites
in pecan. Biology, seasonal abundance, host and host plant range will be
discussed. |
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|
| 34 |
Factors affecting
Florida strawberry growers’ decisions to use Phytoseiulus persimilis
for control of two-spotted spider mites. J. F. Price and G.
C. DeCou, Univ. of Florida, Gulf Coast Research & Education Center,
Bradenton, FL. |
| |
About 2,500
ha of fresh market strawberries are grown in Florida each year. The two-spotted
spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) regularly is the key arthropod
pest. Spider mites are managed with miticides on about 85% of the production
and with Phytoseiulus persimilis on about 15%. Factor affecting
growers’ decisions to choose biological control include: Compatibility
of pesticides, costs of options, effectiveness of options, familiarity
of practices, management abilities and esteem. |
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|
| 35 |
Biological
control of Aleurodicus pulvinatus (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Nevis.
M. T. K. Kairo, V. F. Lopez, CABI Bioscience, Trinidad and Tobago,
G. V. Pollard, Food And Agriculture Organization, Bridgetown, Barbados
and R. Hector, Department of Agriculture, Nevis Island. |
| |
Aleurodicus
pulvinatus is a serious problem on coconuts and other ornamentals in
Nevis. The pest has a wide distribution including parts of the Caribbean,
Central and South America. However, it appears to be a new introduction
into Nevis. Surveys for natural enemies were carried out in Trinidad and
Tobago to determine the natural enemy complex attacking Aleurodicus
spp. This includes several species of Aphelinidae in two genera, Encarsiella
and Encarsia; Metaphycus sp. (Encyridae) and several species
of Nephaspis (Coccinellidae). Encarsiella sp. D was introduced
into Nevis and this appears to have become established. |
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|
|
SUBMITTED PAPERS: Termite Biology
|
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|
| 37 |
Changes in
the chemical composition of wood susceptible to Coptotermes formosanus
(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) by fungi associated with this termite. M.
G. Rojas and J. A. Morales-Ramos, USDA-ARS-SRRC Formosan Subterranean
Termite Research Unit, New Orleans, LA. |
| |
Three species
of fungi (Aspergilus nomius, A. fumigatus and Curvularia lunata)
were found to be associated with the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes
formosanus Shiraki, in New Orleans, LA. Pieces of healthy and infected
(by each of these fungus species) wood of 3 species of trees (birch, maple
and red gum) known to be susceptible to the FST were analyzed by HPLC and
GC to determine changes in their composition and their role in the nutrition
of this termite. |
| |
|
| 38 |
Preference
of Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera:
Rhinotermitidae), for wood species commercially available in New Orleans,
Louisiana. J. A. Morales-Ramos and M. G. Rojas, USDA-ARS-SRCC Formosan
Subterranean Research Unit, New Orleans, LA. |
| |
A multiple
choice test was designed to test the preference of Coptotermes formosanus
Shirake on 24 species of wood. The test consisted of 20 termite nests
with 2,000 workers and 400 soldiers. Blocks, 170 x 70 x 5 mm, of 24 wood
species were exposed to each nest for 40 days. The blocks were placed around
a circular device, 30 cm in diameter, connected vertically to a termite
nest below. Four repetitions were completed. |
| |
|
| 39 |
Foraging behavior
and caste distribution of Incisitermes snyderi (Light) within natural
colonies. B. Maharajh and R. H. Scheffrahn, Univ. of Florida,
Ft. Lauderdale Research & Education Center, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. |
| |
Twelve histological
dyes were evaluated for retention time and toxicity in the drywood termite
Incisitermes snyderi (Light). Several showed good retention time
and low toxicity. Neutral red was used to stain termites extracted from
six infected logs. Stained termites were reintroduced into these logs.
After one month, logs wee cut into 10 cm segments and dissected. Caste
distribution and position of dyed termites were recorded. Dyed termites
were found at least 180 cm away from the introduction point. |
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|
|
SYMPOSIUM: Biological Control
Of Pests In Ornamental Crops Of The Caribbean
Organizer: N. C. Leppla
|
| |
|
| 40 |
Pink hibiscus
mealybug and other mealybug pests of ornamentals. M. T. K. Kairo.
CABI Bioscience, Caribbean & Latin American Centre, Trinidad and Tobago
and G. V. Pollard, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Bridgetown, Barbados. |
| |
Primary mealybug
pests of ornamentals, such as the pink hibiscus mealybug, citrus mealybug
and longtailed mealybug; severity of damage to specific crops, natural
enemies and their potential use in IPM and prospects for the future. |
| |
|
| 41 |
Silverleaf
whitefly and related whitefly pests of ornamentals. C. L. McKenzie.
USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Lab., Ft. Pierce, FL. |
| |
Primary whitefly
pests of ornamentals, such as the silverleaf whitefly, sweetpotato whitefly,
giant whitefly and greenhouse whitefly; severity of damage to specific
crops, natural enemies and their potential use in IPM and prospects for
the future. |
| |
|
| 42 |
Prospects for
biological control of the coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis, in the
Caribbean. F. W. Howard, Univ. of Florida, Ft. Lauderdale,
FL and E. Abreu. Univ. of Puerto Rico, Isabela, PR. |
| |
Primary mite
pests of ornamentals, such as the coconut mite, two-spotted spider mite,
broad mite and cyclamen mite; severity of damage to specific crops, natural
enemies and their potential use in IPM and prospects for the future. |
| |
|
| 43 |
Western flower
thrips and the other primary thrips on ornamentals. F. Diaz and
C. Pereira, Univ. Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Departmento de Ciencias
Biologicas, Lara, Venezuela. |
| |
Primary thrips
pests of ornamentals, such as the western flower thrips and melon thrips;
severity of damage to specific crops, natural enemies and their potential
use in IPM and prospects for the future. |
| |
|
| 44 |
Biology and
control of the banana moth. S. Wainwright, Florikan ESA Corp. Coral
Springs, FL and T. Weissling, Univ. of Florida, IFAS, Ft. Lauderdale
Research & Education Center, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. |
| |
Primary lepidopteran
pests of ornamentals, such as the banana moth and close relatives that
infest banana, bromeliads, sugar cane and palms. |
| |
|
| 45 |
Green peach
aphid and other aphid pests of ornamentals. E. Abreu. Univ. of Puerto
Rico, Crop Protection Department, Agricultural Experiment Station, Isabela,
PR. |
| |
Primary aphid
pests of ornamentals, such as the green peach aphid and cotton aphid; severity
of damage to specific crops, natural enemies and their potential use in
IPM and prospects for the future |
| |
|
|
SYMPOSIUM: Protecting Historic
Structures From Wood-Destroying Insects
Organizers: Nan-Yao Su and
E. M. Thoms
|
| |
|
| 46 |
Termites (Isoptera)
of Puerto Rico. R. H. Scheffrahn, J. A. Chase, S. C. Jones, J. R.
Mangold J. de la Rosa and N.-Y. Su, Univ. of Florida, Ft. Lauderdale Research
& Education Center, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. |
| |
A survey of
the termite fauna of Puerto Rico begun in 1992 has yielded 18 species in
11 genera and 3 families. The family Kalotermitidae is represented by 11
species, including 2 new Cryptotermes spp. and one new Incisitermes
sp. The Rhinotermitidae contain the damaging Heterotermes complex
and the recently discovered pest, Coptotermes havilandi. Among the
higher termites (Termitidae) are found two arborial Nasutitermes
spp., two small ground nesting nasutes, and one soldierless termite. |
| |
|
|
SYMPOSIUM: Sweetpotato Insect
Management
Organizers: K. A. Sorensen
and D. Seal
|
| |
|
| 53 |
Sweetpotato
importance in the USA and the World. K. A. Sorensen, North Carolina
State Univ., Raleigh, NC. |
| |
Sweetpotato,
Ipomoea batatas ranks 7th in world crop statistics behind
wheat, rice, maize, potato, barley and cassava. The origin is in the region
between Yucatan Peninsula and the Orinoco River and sweetpotato is quite
adaptable to various conditions. Sweetpotato is high in protein quality
and contains beta carotene. Leaves and stem tips and the roots are consumed.
Many insects attack the plant and root with the sweetpotato weevil the
major pest species. Areas of production include China, Japan, Taiwan, SE
Asia, Africa, USA etc. Slips are planted and 100 days later roots are harvested,
stored or consumed fresh or processed. Breeding, micropropagation, IPM
and marketing are critical areas. |
| |
|
| 54 |
Biology and
management of sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius. D. R. Seal.
Univ. of Florida, IFAS, Tropical Research & Educational Center, Homestead,
FL. |
| |
Sweetpotato
weevil (SPW) is the major pest of sweetpotato in south Florida. It occurs
all around the year. SPW occurs in all plant parts of sweetpotato. However,
70% of the total population occurs in the storage roots. Lorsban provided
long time control of sweetpotato weevil in the present study. Also, satisfactory
control of SPW was achieved by using Pencap, Thiodan and Pounce. |
| |
|
| 55 |
Grubs, Phyllophaga
species, and their management. A. Hammond, Louisiana State Univ.,
Baton Rouge, LA. |
| |
White grubs,
have been rated the number 1 soil pest in Louisiana by our growers. Pest
management research consists of chemical and biological field trials to
evaluate the efficacy of new products for possible replacement of the organo-phosphate
chemicals. During the 1998 season no statistical differences in early season
damage by grubs was evident among treatments. With late season damage,
there were significant differences, and Admire had the lowest damage rating
when compared to the standards, Mocap and Lorsban. Biological control agents
have also been evaluated and some products appear to have potential for
control of grubs and banded cucumber beetle larvae. A multi-state trapping
plan for survey of Phyllophaga species, using synthetic sex attractants
will be discussed. |
| |
|
| 57 |
Other soil
insects and vector management. K. A. Sorensen. North Carolina State
Univ., Department of Entomology, Raleigh, NC. |
| |
Over 50 insect
species have been reported on sweetpotato. Soil insects include wireworms,
white grubs, weevil, flea beetles, Diabrotica species, white- fringed
beetle and others. Foliar pests include flea beetles, leafhoppers, hornworms,
earworms, armyworms, loopers, tortoise beetles and others. Insect vectors
of plant disease include aphids, leafhoppers, and whiteflies. Identification,
detection, control and management of these "other" pests including vectors
demands understanding and integration into production systems. |
| |
|
| 58 |
Lepidopterous
foliar feeders and their management. A. Hammond, Louisiana State
Univ., Baton Rouge, LA. |
| |
Outbreaks of
foliage feeding Lepidoptera were severe in sweetpotato during 1998. Several
new, environmental friendly, insecticides were effective in controlling
beet armyworm. Both Confirm and SpinTor significantly reduced the numbers
of beet armyworms in comparison to the control plots at both the 3rd and
8th day, post-treatment damage ratings. These new chemicals appear to fit
well into the sweetpotato IPM system. |
| |
|
| 59 |
Towards the
development of an IPM program for the sweetpotato weevil in Puerto Rico.
I. Cabrera, C. Cruz and A. Pantoja, Univ. of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez,
PR. |
| |
Sweetpotatoes
are an important crop in Puerto Rico with an estimated value of $1.1 millions.
The main constraint to sweetpotato production is the damage caused by the
sweetpotato weevil Cylas fornicarius. The larvae of C. fornicarius
reduce the number and quality of marketable roots. Research on C. fornicarius
management on Puerto Rico have contemplated the use of resistant varieties
and better understanding of the insect biology and factor affecting its
development. Cultivars commonly used in Puerto Rico were evaluated for
C. fornicarius larval damage. Two cultivars were found to have low
preference index. The cultivars Regal and WRAS - 27 consistently recorded
the lowest number of larvae/root. The biology an development of C. fornicarius
under Puerto Rico conditions will be discussed. |
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|
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SUBMITTED PAPERS: Biology,
Taxonomy/Systematics, Biological Control
En Español - Spanish
Speaking section
|
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|
| 60 |
Attraction
of males by female pink hibiscus mealybug. M. Serrano and S. Lapointe.
USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticulture Research Laboratory, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin
Islands. |
| |
Virgin female
Maconellicoccus hirsutus were used in laboratory and field experiments
totest their ability to attract flying males. Encapsulated virgins attracted
one or two males in 24 hours in the laboratory. At three field sits on
St. Croix (U.S. Virgin Islands) females attracted up to 90 males per sticky
trap in 72 hours. Sticky traps with 20 females will be used for field population
monitoring until a synthetic pheromone is obtained. |
| |
|
| 66 |
Estado actual
del conocimiento de las cucarachas (Dictyoptera: Blattaria) de Puerto Rico.
E. Gutierrez, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Ciudad de la Habana,
Cuba. |
| |
Se brinda una
breve resena historica de los estudios taxonomicos realizados sobre las
cucarachas de Puerto Rico. A partir de la revision bibliografica, colectas
y el estudio de colecciones taxonomicas, se listan 58 especies de cucarachas
provenientes de dicha isla. El endemismo es tratado. Basado en la informacion
de ejemplares depositados en colecciones aun por nombrar, se plantea la
estrategia a seguir en futuras colectas
con el fin de continuar el inventario de especies. |
| |
|
| 67 |
Quantitative
biodiversity of Cuban insects, J. A. Genaro, Museo Nacional de Historia
Natural, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. |
| |
In Cuba, the
highest species abundance and diversity is present in invertebrates. In
this paper I provided the numbers of Cuban insect species obtained from
the publications listing or cataloguing taxa. These numbers have been updated
through further studies on new records or new species, specialist's personal
communication, or those species that are included in collections but are
not still of public knowledge. In Cuba, there were 8,311 species of insects
belonging to 29 orders. The predominating insects regarding species number
were the beetles, the butterflies, the Hymenoptera and the flies, all of
them corresponding to their number at world level. |
| |
|
| 68 |
Historical
bio-geography and character evolution in the taxon "Macromischa "(Hymenoptera:
Formicidae: Leptothorax). J. L. Fontenla, Museo Nacional
de Historia Natural, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. |
| |
"Macromischa"
is a natural taxon of bizarre ants, which involves arboreal and limestone-dweller
species of Antillean Leptothorax. The group has irradiated mainly
in Cuba. Their phylogenetic relationships are congruent with the Garland
model of Antillean paleogeographic evolution, which predicts a pattern
of more derived species in Occidental Cuba. Puerto Rico species, L.
isabellae, can be considered an evolutionary relict. Morphological
trends lead to increasing in size and slenderness of body and appendages,
especially in the most derived groups, versicolor and porphyritis.
Shifts in nesting behaviour: terricolous®
arboreal®
limestone are considered key features in the speciation process. |
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|
|
POSTER SESSION
|
| |
|
| DSP1 |
Valeris,
a new genus of antillocorine
lygaeids from Trinidad, Brazil and Venezuela. R. M. Baranowski, J.
A. Slater*, and J. Brambila, Univ. of Florida, Tropical Research
& Education Center, Homestead, FL, and Dept. of Ecology & Evolutionary
Biology, University of Connecticut.
. |
| |
A new lygaeid
genus, Valeris is proposed and described based on the species
V. subcavicola (Rhyparochrominae: Antillocorini). This species was
originally placed in the genus Cligenes, which is characterized
by a prosternal groove, a character that is not present in V. subcavicola.
It has been collected in caves of Trinidad, Brazil and Venezuela feeding
on seeds in bat guano. |
| |
|
| DSP2 |
Laboratory
and field infestation studies on mamey sapote to determine its host status
in relation to the Caribbean fruit fly. (Diptera: Tephritidae). W. P.
Gould, USDA-ARS, Miami, FL. |
| |
A two-year
study of the host status of mamey sapote to the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha
suspensa, was conducted including field and laboratory tests. Over
646 fruits of 'Magaña', 'Pantin', ‘Pace’, and 'Maya' mamey sapote
(>410 kg) were exposed to Caribbean fruit flies in the laboratory or under
forced or natural field conditions. No fruit fly larvae were recovered
from any fruits collected in the field or caged with flies in the field. |
| |
|
| DSP3 |
Establishment
of Cybocephalus binotatus Grouvelle and Coccobius fulvus
(Compere & Annecke) for suppression of cycad scale, Aulacaspis yasumatsui
Takagi (Homoptera: Diaspididae) in South Florida. R. M. Baranowski
and H. B. Glenn, Univ. of Florida, Tropical Research & Education
Center, Homestead, FL. |
| |
Two biocontrol
agents were introduced from Thailand to Florida for suppression of cycad
scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui. Cybocephalus binotatus, a
predaceous beetle, and Coccobius
fulvus, a parasitic wasp, were released at over 40 sites in south Florida.
Beetles and parasitoids are both established and have been found more than
three miles from release sites. Scale populations at release sites have
been virtually eliminated due to the activity of these agents. The biology
of the scale, parasite, and predator are discussed. |
| |
|
| DSP4 |
Progress and
prospects for biological control of Tropical Soda Apple in the USA. J.
C. Medal, D. Gandoffo, J. Cuda and D. Subbrink, Univ. of Florida, Department
of Entomology & Nematology, Gainesville, FL. |
| |
Tropical soda
apple, Solanum viarum (Solanaceae) is a perennial weed, native to
south America, that has been spsreading throughout Florida at an alarming
rate during the 1990’s. Currently, the infested area is estimated at more
than a half million acres. Host specific studies with three leaf feeding
chrysomelids (Eratiana boliviana, Matriona elatior and Platyphora
sp.), started in December, 1996, indicated a great potential for biocontrol
of tropical soda apple. |
| |
|
| DSP5 |
The IR-4 Project,
a national agricultural program to clear pest control agents for minor
crops in the U.S. K. S. Samoil, IR-4 Project, Rutgers Univ., North
Brunswick, NJ. |
| |
IR-4 is a federally
funded program for the development of data that is used to obtain registrations
for crop protection chemicals and biopesticides on minor food crops when
the economic incentives preclude private sector investment. Approximately
130 studies with 600 field trials are scheduled annually, including studies
on tropical crops in Puerto Rico, southern Florida and Hawaii. Proposed
tropical crop subgroups will increase the number of registrations that
may result from data developed by IR-4. |
| |
|
| DSP6 |
The Lygaeidae
of the West Indies. R. M. Baranowski, Univ. of Florida, Tropical
Research & Education Center, Homestead, FL and J. A. Slater, Univ.
of Connecticut, Storrs, CN. |
| |
Island distribution,
endemism and zoogeography will be presented. |
| |
|
| DSP7 |
Improved trapping
of pickleworm and insecticide bioassay. K. A. Sorensen, T. P. Lynch,
North Carolina State Univ., Department of Entomology, Raleigh, NC, and
D. M. Jackson, USDA-ARS, Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC. |
| |
The pickleworm,
Diaphania nitidalis (Stoll), is one of the major pests of cucurbit
crops in the southeastern US. Mate-locating
behavior of male pickleworm moths was studied to improve the trapping system.
The trapping efficiency of a multi-cone wire trap and modified wire-cone
trap, and a comparison of four trap types to retain moths was conducted.
Insecticide bioassays were conducted over three years to determine the
level of effectiveness and residual activity. |
| |
|
| DSP8 |
Diet-reared
vs. host-reared parasitoids: influence of host kairomones on host selection.
J. E. Carpenter, USDA-ARS, Insect Biology and Population Management
Research Laboratory, Tifton, GA and P. D. Greany, USDA-ARS Center for Medical,
Agricultural & Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL. |
| |
Host acceptance
and preference of an Ichneumonid pupal ectoparasitoid, Diapetimorpha
introita, were studied in the laboratory and the field to determine
the influence of pre- and post imaginal exposure to host kairomones. Wasps
reared on an artificial diet were reared in the absence of host kairomones,
allowing for the production of naïve female wasps, and thus providing
the opportunity to isolate the influence of post imaginal exposure to host
kairomones. |
| |
|
| DSP9 |
Growth, development
and reproduction of Podisus maculiventris reared on an insect-free
artificial medium. P. D. Greany, H. Dillon, I. Baez, J. Shapiro,
S. O’Keefe and J. L. Nation, USDA-ARS Center for Medical, Agricultural
& Veterinary Entomology. Gainesville, FL. |
| |
The generalist
predator Podisus maculiventris (spined soldier bug) was reared from
egg to adult on an insect-free, meat-based diet. Growth rates approximated
growth when fed Galleria mellonella, but the size of diet-reared
adults was slightly smaller and their fecundity was only about 50% that
of prey-reared females. Internal development of the ovaries and hemolymph
vitellogenin levels of diet-reared females was slower than for prey-reared
females. Biochemical efforts are being made to acquire fecundity-stimulating
factors from Galleria larvae. |
| |
|
| DSP10 |
Parasitoids
of Lepidopterous pests of plantain (Musa AAB), sub-group plantain,
cv. Harton, in South Maracaibo Lake Basin, Venezuela. O. Dominguez-Gil,
Universidad del Zulia. Facultad de Agronomia, Unidad Técnica Fitosanitaria.
Maracaibo, Venezuela. |
| |
Twelve intrafamily
taxas of parasitoids, emerged from lepidopterous larvae, were collected
from the plantain plants of twenty plantations in south Maracaibo Lake
Basin, Venezuela over a four year period (1994-1997). Two eulophids, Horismenus
spp., attacked Opsiphanes tamarindis larvae. Two chalcids, Brachymeria
spp., emerged from Apatelodes sp. and Antichloris viridis
pupae. Four other chalcids, Conura spp. Parasitized pupae of O.
tamarindis and Oiketius kirbiy. A braconid, Digonognostza
sp., emerged exclusively from O. kirbiy. Two species of Diptera,
a tachinid, Belbosia sp. and a sarcophagidae, were recovered from
Automeris incarnata pupae and Podalia sp. larvae, respectively.
The most common parasitoids that emerged from A. viridis and Apatelodes
sp. larvae were Brachymeria spp. Belbosia sp. Was the most
prevalent parasitoid of A. incarnata. |
| |
|
| DSP11 |
Termite education
program in Louisiana. X. P. Hu, D. Ring, A. Morgan and J. Polizzi,
LSU Agricultural Center, Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service, Baton
Rouge, LA. |
| |
The LSU Agricultural
Center provides an education program for management of termites to pest
control operators at the termite training school and the summer pest control
institutes. An education program for the public is being developed. |
| |
|
| DSP12 |
Effectiveness
of various insecticides on the development stages of silverleaf whiteflies.
C. M. Sabines, D. R. Seal and R. T. McMillan, Univ. of Florida,
IFAS, Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, FL. |
|
In
laboratory bioassays Admire and EXP80667A, at higher rates used in the
present study, significantly controlled silverleaf whitefly adults for
two weeks. Admire at 1.0 and 10.0 ppm, EXP80667A at 6.25 and 100.0 ppm
and CGA293343 at 10.0 ppm killed treated eggs of various stages. None of
the insecticides caused pupal mortality. In the field study, the effectiveness
of Admire increased after the second application. Provado and EXP80667A
controlled silverleaf whitefly populations for two to four weeks. |
| |
|
| DSP13 |
Effect of various
temperatures on the biology of Catolaccus hunteri, a potential parasitoid
of pepper weevil. T. Cabrera and D. R. Seal, Univ. of Florida, IFAS,
Tropical Research and Education Center, Homestead, FL. |
| |
Various biological
parameters of Catolaccus hunteri were studied in the laboratory using three
constant temperature regimes (20º, 25º, and 30º C). Females
laid eggs faster at 25º C than any other temperature regimes. Adult
longevity was longer at 20º C than at other temperatures. Larval development
was shorter at 30º C than at 20º or 25º C. |
| |
|
| DSP14 |
Action thresholds
for applying insect growth regulators for control of the silverleaf whitefly
and irregular ripening on tomato. D. J. Schuster, Univ. of Florida,
IFAS, Gulf Coast Research & Education Center, Bradenton, FL. |
| |
Action thresholds
based upon density of silverleaf whitefly nymphs were evaluated in small
plot experiments for timing applications of buprofezin and pyriproxyfen
for whitefly control and subsequent development of irregular ripening on
tomato. The relationship between nymphal densities as estimated by scouts
in the field using a hand lens and by assistants in the laboratory using
dissecting microscopes was also investigated. |
| |
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